The Nigeria Tax Act 2025 in plain English: VAT, PAYE, withholding tax, your Tax ID and the deadlines that matter, checked against the law.
Lagos businesses deal with two tax authorities and a handful of state levies. Here is who collects what in 2026, the deadlines LIRS publishes, where they differ from the new federal Act, and how to pay without touts.
Abuja businesses pay the NRS for company taxes and the FCT Internal Revenue Service for everything tied to people. Here is who collects what, the deadlines, ground rent and area council levies, and how to check a demand is genuine.
Since 1 January 2026 your TIN is a 13-digit Tax ID you can retrieve free in under a minute with your NIN or CAC number. Here is the exact route, what changed, and what to do when the portal says no.
Before you pay a new supplier, deduct withholding tax or accept a VAT invoice, thirty seconds on the verification portal tells you whether the TIN on it is real.
Withholding tax is your income tax collected early by whoever pays you. Here is the full 2026 rate table, who must deduct, the small-business exemption, the 21st-of-the-month deadline and the 40% penalty for getting it wrong.
Adding 7.5% is easy. Taking it back out, knowing what you can reclaim and what the invoice must say is where businesses lose money. The arithmetic and the rules, in one place.
Four Acts, one overhaul, and the biggest change to Nigerian taxation in a generation. Here is the whole thing in plain English: what changed, who it affects, what it costs, and where to read the official text.
The Consolidated Relief Allowance is gone, the tax-free band is now ₦800,000, and rent relief has arrived. Here is what the new personal income tax rules do to an actual payslip.
The VAT rate did not move. Almost everything around it did — what is zero-rated, what you can reclaim, and when registering stops being optional.
Small companies now pay zero Companies Income Tax. Everyone else pays 30% plus a 4% Development Levy. The line between the two is sharper than most business owners realise.
The clearest way to understand the reform is to put the old rule next to the new one. Here is every material change, side by side.
Most tax penalties in Nigeria are not for getting the figures wrong. They are for filing late. Here is every 2026 deadline, and which of them apply to you.
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